Yes, exactly… For another example, the DeepSeek team developed their own replacement to CUDA called PTX (Parallel Thread Execution) a lower-level assembly-like language that allows for more granular optimisations of GPU performance offering 10X efficiency improvement recently as GPU sanctions were levied on China. This innovative approach not only challenges the dominance of CUDA in the AI landscape but also opens up new possibilities for optimizing GPU performance in various applications and this is what missing not only from those relying on Nvidia but its competitors whether AMD or Apple that prefers to have its own proprietary solutions.