Just finished this anime. It was awesome enough to land a spot in my overall top ten.
spoiler
Based on the discussions, the majority opinion is that the setting of Episodes 1-23 and 24-25 are separate timelines or parallel universes. Let me metaphorically connect the constellation of Sagittarius here. I prefer something… more simple. Episodes 1-23 portrays an in-universe book in the Episodes 24-25 universe, titled “On the Movements of the Earth”. The latter is alternate history Earth. The closest RL equivalent to this narrative conceit is the framing of LOTR as Tolkien’s translation of the “Red Book of Westmarch”, a purportedly-real book of long-lost Earth history. - The book is published sometime after 1517 (when the “Ninety-five Theses” was published and the Reformation started). Brudzewski was most likely dead by then, so someone carried on the story. If I may speculate, the pseudo- or anonymous author (“Jolenta”) is one of the Roma who self-inserted herself as Draka, who learned of Albert via the priest (inspiration for Badeni). - “Kingdom of P” is simply a Poland placeholder. The conversation about “profits to Potocki” that Albert overheard was likely unrelated to astronomy. The unrealistic reaction to heliocentrism was written for dramatic effect. - Rafał is IRL a POS, so he died early in the story to keep his innocence - Other circumstantial evidence informing my view is Nowak’s self-awareness as the villain and Jolenta’s name-drop of “On the Movements of the Earth” Now, I prepare to be burned as a heretic. As a wise man once said, death is nothing, next to vindication.