New research suggests that the atmosphere will become more turbulent as climate change makes the air less stable.

The University of Reading used 26 of the latest global climate models to study how warming temperatures affect jet streams at around 35,000 feet, a typical cruising altitude for a passenger airline.

As jet streams change they create stronger wind shear, the differences in wind speed at different heights.

PhD researcher at the University of Reading and lead author, Joana Medeiros said: "Increased wind shear and reduced stability work together to create favourable conditions for clear-air turbulence - the invisible, sudden jolts that can shake aircraft without warning.

“Unlike turbulence caused by storms, clear-air turbulence cannot be seen on radar, making it difficult for pilots to avoid.” she said.