Not sure how detailed you want to get, but the two that I know of off the top of my head are looking for exoplanets and signs of where humans used to live. Here are a couple of easy reads on the application.

Useful medical applications are similar, where the pattern matching can be used to narrow down what to look for, but there is a human step afterwards to verify.

blog.tensorflow.org/…/identifying-exoplanets-with…

themirror.com/…/groundbreaking-ai-uncovers-lost-a…