Winget is able to install applications from multiple sources, including the Microsoft Store. You can see a list of all configured sources by executing winget source list. For regular applications a community repository is preconfigured.

If you would execute my example command, Firefox would get installed from the community repository. You should be able to use the following command to install the Microsoft Store version of Firefox: winget install 9NZVDKPMR9RD

9NZVDKPMR9RD is the package id of the Microsoft Store version of Firefox. You can either get it by executing winget search firefox or you can get it from the URL of the Microsoft Store entry.