I am also wondering where that amount comes from. Though I do not think it should be based on profit. A company can also be unprofitable on purpose in a region in order to destroy the competition an gain market share. Then after conquering the market they increase the prices again.

In this case I suppose it also be difficult to quantify the fine. Of course the duration of the anti-competitive behaviour should also be taken into consideration and apples low willingness to better itself. Is there any article explaining the 500m euro?