To clarify, the location service is turned on remotely during an emergency call or after texting an emergency number to let first responders know where an emergency is, but it is turned off afterwards by the phone if it was disabled beforehand. And it’s only turned on during the call that the user initiates, emergency services cannot remotely turn it on, because it is the phone that actually manages the permissions and computes the location and not the dispatcher. Neither Android nor iOS allows emergency services to remotely turn on location services without you calling them first, since that would be a violation of your privacy and would absolutely be abused by law enforcement.

So everyone should be advised that you cannot check the location of a loved one unless you arrange it before you end up needing it.