Just as an example:
“Some devices can still send their location for up to 24 hours after they’ve been turned off or have low battery life.”
www.91mobiles.com/…/exclusive-google-find-my-devi…
“Google began rolling out this feature as “Powered Off Finding” with the Pixel 8 series, letting users locate their phone even when it’s switched off by keeping the Bluetooth chip active.”
And those are only some of the official known possibilities