That’s not the case. 100% for new CPUs, but also for old ones too.

My father’s old CPU cooler did not make good contact, got lose in one corner some how, and the system would throttle (fan at 100% making noise and PC run slow). After i fixed it, in one of my visits, CPU was working fine for years.

System throttles or even shuts down before any thermal damage occures (at least when temperatures rise normally).