Exactly this, the first layer is smooshing and tearing up and that is being carried through the subsequent layers.

Since the bottom is so thin there’s no infill layers to reset the density to normal. If there was infill it would build over that damage and then lay fresh new layers on top effectively hiding it unless you’re looking at the bottom.

I would also check your hotend, while cold, to make sure it’s not loose. It can cause similar issues by dragging the nozzle.