This is part of the reason 9-5 used to be paid well enough to be salary instead of hourly. When you’re salary and have decent rapport with your boss taking off for these things is just a heads up I’ll be in late or I’m leaving early. No worry about using time off, PTO, etc. As wages have stagnated/been suppressed over the decades now positions that should be salary are instead hourly and as you and anyone working them can note it doesn’t work well.

Fixing that requires a societal/cultural upheaval which has been rumbling for at least a couple decades but things seem to be going backwards right now despite unions getting stronger in the past few years than they had in decades.