if i may be pedantic for a sec, a lot of people mistake punishment for “negative reinforcement”.

“reinforcement” means encouraging and reinforcing desired behaviour. “positive reinforcement” is providing positive stimulus as a reward for good behaviour, like giving a dog a treat for obeying commands. “negative reinforcement” is removing negative stimulus as a reward, like stopping the obnoxious low-health beeping when you heal a pokemon from critical health.

“punishment” is for discouraging undesirable behaviour. “positive punishment” is adding negative stimulus, such as physical abuse; and “negative punishment” is taking something away, like taking away an unruly teen’s phone.