Why does string theory need ten dimensions? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Jordan Klepper sit down with Lara Anderson, string theorist and associate professor of physics at Virginia Tech, to tackle intersecting dimensions, the nature of gravity, and a unified field theory.
What are the physics beyond the Higgs Boson? We discuss the problem of quantum gravity and whether string theory will solve it. Is a unified field theory too hard for our species, or are we just not smart enough yet? What exactly is a string? How can a one-dimensional object vibrate without intersecting other dimensions? Lara walks through world sheets, membranes, closed string loops, and why the math indicates higher dimensions. We discuss how to visualize other dimensions.
Could a higher-dimensional object intersecting our spacetime appear as a black hole? Why is gravity forty orders of magnitude weaker than every other force? Could it be leaking into extra dimensions? Could dark matter be ordinary matter spilling out of other dimensions into ours? What are quantum anomalies, and why do they only cancel out when string theory operates in exactly ten dimensions?
We discuss celestial holography and whether everything in the universe is encoded on a 2D boundary. We explore the nature of time in a universe if nothing is repeated, whether dimensions are objective features of reality or just organizing constructs, and why you can never get rid of probabilities in quantum physics, even with hidden variables. Keep Looking Up!
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction: Lara Anderson
04:55 - The Higgs Boson
09:11 - Will String Theory Deliver?
13:31 - What Is a String?
17:30 - Visualizing Higher Dimensions
19:30 - How could a string accomplish anything?
21:15 - Are Black Holes Higher Dimensional Objects Intersecting Spacetime?
24:55 - Finding Small & Large Spatial Dimensions
31:09 - The Consistency Test & The 10 Dimensions
34:00 - Could We Go to Higher Dimensions?
40:13 - Cosmic Holography
42:52 - The Nature of Time
46:34 - What’s the 4th Dimension?
49:18 - Spacetime Geometry
50:37 - Are the Other Dimensions Real or Just Math?
53:16 - Closing Thoughts
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Inside the Search for Extra Dimensions, with Lara Anderson
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