Hypersonics are the new frontier in missile technology, because they fly lower and are harder to detect than ballistic missiles, can reach targets more quickly, and can be ordered to change target in mid-flight. The United States, Russia, China and North Korea have all tested hypersonic missiles, and several others are developing the technology.

The test flight comes days after rival and neighbour China showcased its expanding aviation capabilities at an airshow, with the J-35A stealth fighter jet and attack drones displayed.

New Delhi has deepened defence cooperation with Western countries in recent years, including in the Quad alliance with the United States, Japan and Australia. India is also a major buyer of Russian military hardware, including Moscow’s S-400 missile defence system – despite the threat of US sanctions over the multi-billion dollar deal.