That looks like a really simple USB C port in legacy A (with DP/DM charge signals) configuration. The single IC most likely does the USB negotiation and the CC/CV charge of the battery.

Often these devices are tightly coupled with the USB state machine. Just applying 5v without terminating the sense resistors won’t do anything.

Also be very careful with Qi chargers. The resonant circuit produces voltage spikes in the tens of volts. It is usually regulated and smoothed to 5v out. But it’s also very bursty. Make sure your output circuit after the coil is fully regulated 5v voltage. I’ve seen them be varying voltages and even current mode outputs.