The craziest thing to me is they didn’t have any sort of CAD, 3d printing or other rapid prototyping tech. Most of these things wouldn’t work if made from a cheap sample material either, due to the torque they needed to handle. So really the only option was to put a ton of effort into design, make a few prototypes and start manufacturing. Iterative design could take years to get results back from users.

The classic example to me is the square bale knotter. A collection of cast iron sector gears, cams, jackshafts, blades and hooks with grippers, flung through their complex cycle in 1/4 second in dirty field conditions. Using arbitrary twine and tension, variable drive speed and a product that can vary from 10lbs to 80lbs per volume. For tens of thousands of cycles with minimal maintenance aside from pumping grease into the grease points.

And mine is still working perfectly today after 60 years or more! This year it didn’t miss one single knot of thousands. Incredible engineering.