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Comment on Do you run a private CA? Could you tell me about your certificate setup if you do?

If you want to run your own pki with self-signed certificate in your homelab I really encourage you to read through this tutorial. There is a lot to process and read and it will take you some time to set everything up and understand every terminology but after that:

Own self-signed certificate with SAN wildcards (https://*.home.lab)
Certificate chain of trust
CSR with your own configuration
CRL and certificate revocation
X509 extensions

Put everything behind your reverse proxy of choice (traefik in my case) and serve all your docker services with your own self-signed wildcard certificates ! It’s complex but if you have spare time and are willing to learn something new, it’s worth the effort !

Keep in mind to never expose such certificates on the wild wild west ! Keep those certificate in a closed homelab you access through a secure tunnel on your LAN !

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NeoNachtwaechter@lemmy.world ⁨6⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

never expose such certificates on the wild wild west ! Keep those certificate in a closed homelab you access through a secure tunnel on your LAN !

I’m curious, what’s the reason?

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- jdrch@lemmy.world ⁨6⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago
  In many architectures in which certificates are used, a client with a valid certificate is a trusted client, so a certificate falling into the wrong hands is problematic.
  
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MigratingtoLemmy@lemmy.world ⁨6⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago
Thank you. Could you explain a bit more about your setup and the aspects I should be looking at? Specifically:

Certificate chain of trust: I assume you’re talking about PKI infrastructure and using root CAs + Derivative CAs? If yes, then I must note that I’m not planning to run derivative CAs because it’s just for my lab and I don’t need that much of infrastructure.

I have yet to figure out the CRL part with OpenSSL, I’ll have to read more about it. Thanks.

I do not know what X.509 extensions are and why I need them. Could you tell me more?

I’m also considering client certificates as an alternative to SSO, am I right in considering them this way? I will also have to think about what I could do what clients without a client certificate or my root CA’s certificate in their certificate store (maybe run another instance which doesn’t need all of the encryption and setup I’m doing and somehow redirect such clients there whilst logging their traffic?).

Thanks for the mention, I was looking at a script to automate certificate generation and revocation too.

Since we’re talking about reverse-proxies, I’ll mention that I plan to run an instance of HAProxy per podman pod so that I terminate my encrypted traffic inside the pod and exclusively route unencrypted traffic through local host inside the pod. I’m doing this because I do not want to see any unencrypted traffic in my network. Of course, this is some more overhead but I think this is doable. I got this idea from another post I made a while back. Of course, that means that every pod on my network (hosting an HAProxy instance) will be given a distinct subdomain, and I will be producing certificates for specific subdomains, instead of using a wildcard.

Thanks, I’ll be sure to document my progress as I go.
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- deepdive@lemmy.world ⁨6⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago
  
  Certificate chain of trust: I assume you’re talking about PKI infrastructure and using root CAs + Derivative CAs? If yes, then I must note that I’m not planning to run derivative CAs because it’s just for my lab and I don’t need that much of infrastructure.
  
  An intermediate CA could potentially be useful, but isn’t really needed in self-signed CA. But in case you have to revoke your rootCA, you have to replace that certificate on all your devices, which can become a lot of hassle if you share that trusted root CA with family/friends. By having a intermediate CA and hiding your root CAs private key somewhere offline, you could take away that overheat by just revoking the intermediate CA and updating the server certificate with the newly signed Intermediate bundle and serving that new certificate through the proxy. (Hope that makes sense? :|)
  
  I do not know what X.509 extensions are and why I need them. Could you tell me more?
  
  This will probably give you some better explanation than I could :| I have everything written in a markdown file, and reading through my notes I remember I had to put some basic constraints TRUE in my certificates to make them work on my android root store ! Some a necessary to make your root CA work properly (like CA:True)
  
  ’m also considering client certificates as an alternative to SSO, am I right in considering them this way?
  
  Ohhh, I don’t know… I haven’t installed or used any SSO service and thinking of MFA/SSO with authelia in the future ! My guess would be that those are 2 different technologies and could work together? Having self-signed CA with a 2FA could possible work in a homelab but I have no idea how because I haven’t tested it out. But thinks to consider if you want clients certificates for your family/friends is to have a intermediate CA in case of revocation, you don’t have to replace the certificate in their root store every time you sign a new Intermediate CA.
  
  I’ll mention that I plan to run an instance of HAProxy per podman pod so that I terminate my encrypted traffic inside the pod and exclusively route unencrypted traffic through local host inside the pod.
  
  I have no idea about HAProxy and podman and how they work to encrypt traffic. All my traffic passes through a wireguard tunnel to my docker containers/proxy which I consider safe enough? Listening to all my traffic with wireshark seamed to do exactly what I’m expecting but I’m not an expert :L So I cannot help you further on that topic. But I will keep your idea in my notes to see If there could be further improvement in my setup with HAProxy and podman compared to docker and traefik through wireguard tunnel.
  
  Of course, that means that every pod on my network (hosting an HAProxy instance) will be given a distinct subdomain, and I will be producing certificates for specific subdomains, instead of using a wildcard.
  
  Openssl SAN certificates are going to be a life/time saver in your setup ! One certificat with multidomian !
  
  I’m just a hobby homelaber/tinkerer so take everything with caution and always double check with other sources ! :) Hope it help !
  
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  - MigratingtoLemmy@lemmy.world ⁨6⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago
    Thank you for your comment. My apologies in replying so late.
    
    After reading a bit more and thinking about my setup, I think I will run intermediate CAs. Specifically, because I want to set up an ad-hoc mTLS setup, I might keep intermediate CAs for different classes of devices/different purposes. I will need to delve deeper into it, but for now, I think I have a grasp on the idea I need to implement, in which case, intermediate CAs will likely be a better idea. Thank you.
    
    Thanks for the material, it would seem that I have a lot of reading left to do :)
    
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    deepdive@lemmy.world ⁨6⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago
    Hey don’t worry :)
    
    Yeah, this could be a time saver in case you should/need to revoke certificates in your homelab setup ! Imagine changing the rootCA store on 20 devices … Ugh !
    
    Happy reading/tweaking ! Have fun !
    
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