Have you taken a look at TaskWarrior? It’s pure FOSS, extremely powerful, has multiple self hosting options, multiple front ends, including Android native, and supports everything on your list. Simple projects, fully nested projects with complex dependencies, customizable tags and filters, supports GTD, kanban, or just a basic list of todos. Asynchronous synchronization for devices that can’t connect for long periods for whatever reason. It weakest point is that it’s recurring task model is weird, but there is very active work to fix that.

It also has a huge plugin ecosystem and can pull from things like jira and tons of other issue tracking systems.

It’s also extremely neckbeardy, has a boring website, decent online documentation but a much better man page. TaskWarrior is highly scriptable, with json input/output options if you like. I love it.

EDIT: The filter from your example would be written +OVERDUE +do_it_later proj:yard in TaskWarrior’s filter method.

EDITx2: I use Debian Stable, btw. ;)