Just be aware that the music volume and the volume of noise in your environment are supplementary.

That means that if you raise the volume of your headphones to hear over your environment you risk damage.

Nouse cancelling headphones help with this.

I haven’t read any research on whether active nouse cancellation contributes to this, since active NC is producing more noise in the audible range that you can’t perceive.

I do use active NC on planes and don’t feel pain in my ears, but I am wary of it and only use it on planes for now.