In the Netherlands, to become a judge you must first study Dutch law at a university, then get at least 2 years of work experience in a law-related job. Then you take a second study of 15 months to at most 4 years to become a judge, which also has very strict selection criteria.

After that, you can become a judge. The judiciary branch selects its own members in that way.

If you want to become a higher level judge, you need 10 years of related experience and another study taking at most 2 years.

There’s no supreme court in the Netherlands. The legislative may make laws that supersede the constitution, but only if a very strong argumentation as to why is provided. The Raad van State (Council of State) can judge whether the cabinet has properly applied the law when writing new laws or taking executive decisions. The cabinet can suggest who should join the council, but the council determines if they are a good candidate (ranging from judges to scientists to former lawmakers). They then serve “for life” meaning until they turn 70, after which they retire. There can only be 11 members at a time.