Comment on What programming languages aren't too criticized here?

bonus_crab@lemmy.world ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

• ishanpage@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

  Unfortunately, no one can be told what a monad is. You have to see it for yourself (then you won’t be able to explain it to anyone)

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  • angryzor@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

    The problem is people constantly try to explain it using some kind of real world comparison to make it easier to visualize (“it’s a value in a context”, “it encodes side effects”, “it’s just flatmap”, “it’s a burrito”), when all it really is is an abstraction. A very, very general abstraction that still turns out to be very useful, which is why we gave it the cryptic name “monad” because it’s difficult to find a name for it that can be linked to something concrete simply because of how abstract it is. It really is just an interface with 2 key functions: (for a monad M)

    - wrap: (x: T) => M // wraps a value
    - bind: (f: (y: T) => M<u>, x: M) => M<u> // unwraps the value in x, passes it to f which should wrap that value again somehow, and returns what f returns
    

    Anything that you can possibly find a set functions for that fit this interface and adheres to the rules described by someone else in this thread is a monad. And it’s useful because, just like any other abstraction, if you identify that this pattern can apply to your type M and you implement the interface, then suddenly a ton of operations that work for any monad will also work for your type. One example is the coroutine transformation (async/await) that is an extremely popular solution to the Node.JS “callback hell” problem that used to exist, and which we call do-notation in Haskell:

    // instead of
    const getPostAuthorName = foo => getPost(foo).then(post => getUser(post.authorId)).then(user => user.username)
    
    // you can do this
    const getPostAuthorName = async foo => {
      const post = await getPost(foo)
      const user = await getUser(post.authorId)
      return user.username
    }
    

    This is a transformation you can actually do with any monad. In this case Promise.resolve is an implementation of wrap, and then is an implementation of bind (more or less, it slightly degenerate due to accepting unwrapped return values from f). Sadly it was not implemented generally in JS and they only implemented the transform specifically for Promises. You may have noticed that generators with “yield” syntax are very similar to async/await. That’s because it’s the exact same transformation for another specific monad, namely generators. It’s sad because many people say they hate monads because they’re complex, but then heap praise on Promises and async/await which is just one limited implementation of a monad. List comprehensions are another common implementation where this transform is useful:

    // instead of
    const results = []
    for (const x of xs) {
      for (const y of ys) {
        results.push({ x, y })
      }
    }
    
    // you could have
    const results = do {
      const x = yield xs
      const y = yield ys
      return wrap({ x, y })
    }
    

    Another (slightly broken) implementation of monads and the coroutine transform people use without knowing it is “hooks” in the React framework (though they refuse to admit it in order to not confuse beginners).</u></u>

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    • angryzor@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

      Thought I’d finish the Monad Tutorial since I stopped midway…

      The general notion that the abstraction actually captures is the notion of dependency, the idea that an instance x of your type can be in some common operation dependent on other instances of your type. This common operation is captured in bind. For Promises for example, the common operation is “resolving”. In my first post, for the getPostAuthorName promise to resolve, you first need to resolve getPost, and then you need to resolve getUser.

      It also captures the idea that the set of dependencies your x is not fixed, but can be dynamically extended based on the result of the operation on previous dependencies, e.g.:

      const getPostAuthorName = async foo => {
        const post = await getPost(foo)
        if (post === undefined) return undefined
        const user = await getUser(post.authorId)
        return user.username
      }
      

      In this case, getPostAuthorName is not dependent on getUser if getPost already resolved to undefined. This naturally induces an extra order in your dependents. While some are independent and could theoretically be processed in parallel, the mere existence of others is dependent on each other and they cannot be processed in parallel. Thus the abstraction inherently induces a notion of sequentiality.

      An even more general sister of Monad, Applicative, does away with this second notion of a dynamic set and requires the set of dependents to be fixed. This loses some programmer flexibility, but gains the ability to process all dependents in parallel.

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  • FooBarrington@lemmy.world ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

    Isn’t a monad just a monoid in the category of endofunctors?

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  • shagie@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

    The Codeless Code : Monolith thecodelesscode.com/case/143

    On the topic of Monads: thecodelesscode.com/topics/monads (though the other one really needs you to read the rest of the site to get a better understanding of the monk Djishin and the Java Master Banzen … and remember there’s css hidden topics along with image mouse overs… in case you read the first hundred and then realize that there’s more to each one and have to go back and read them all again).

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    • ishanpage@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

      Ohhhh, this site is a great find. Exploring all the articles right now. Thanks!

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  • alr@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

    If you use JavaScript, you’ve probably seen a monad, since Promise is a monad. Unit is Promise.resolve(), bind is Promise.then(). As required, Promise.resolve(x).then(y) === y(x) (unit forms a left identity of bind), y.then(Promise.resolve) === y (unit forms a right identity of bind), and x.then(y.then(z)) === x.then(y).then(z) (bind is essentially associative).

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• JackbyDev@programming.dev ⁨9⁩ ⁨months⁩ ago

  Monads 👁️👄👁️

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