One big factor in pushbacks like this is the classification of the country in terms of refugee status. People coming from another country only pass as “refugees” if certain conditions are fulfilled in that country, like war, famine, human rights violations, femicide, etc. This was the cases for Afghanistan for a long time (and still is arguably) but Germany and other governments decided that the conditions arent so bad anymore and that people can be pushed back without having to fear for their lives. As soon as one government does it, others will follow so that could have created a seemingly sudden increase in deportations. Dont take my word for it tho, im not 100% sure what the current classification is and when it changed. Just trying to give you an idea of how this generally works.