The first things I would try would be:

• Using an X11 desktop session instead of Wayland.
• Using a different Proton version.
• Making sure those width/height/refresh command line options are valid and match my monitor’s native specs.

After that, I would start reading the discussion here:

github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/issues/3291

This comment seems relevant, as does this one. There are plenty more.