The information you use is only related to the last object the light interacted with, not the light itself (with the small exception being the “brightness” - that has nothing to do with the object).

This is obviously false, otherwise all objects would look the same under any color of light - yet they don’t. This example actually shows that it is only the light itself that matters!

No one claims to hear the air in their ears rather than the violin that is being played nearby. That’s just not what the word “hear” means.

But everyone would agree that we’re hearing the sound waves produced by the violin. Again, a great example counter to your point, as the equivalent to a sound wave is the photon.