Here’s how it works in countries that are not dystopian hellscapes: You tell your boss “I’ll be at the doctor’s on Tuesday from 08:30 to about 11:00.” You go to the doctor and pick up a paper from the receptionist when you leave that confirms the hours you were there. You go back to your job and hand HR the paper, they put the hours into the system. The time you spent at the doctor’s office as well as the time you spent going there counts as work time. This works the same for other things like getting your passport renewed or school events that parents should attend.

If the system in your country is worse in any way you should probably fight to improve it, or get out of there as fast as you can.