Depends on the writer, but they handwave a lot of those problems by the fact that replicators need a lot of energy to work (voyager explicitly said they didn’t have the spare power and used hydroponics and trade to supplement), and a lot of critical components couldn’t be replicated (dilithium, and antimatter containment parts. Also the isolinear computer chips were non-replicatible). I think you’d also struggle with any weapons systems, which might include shields.

Essentially you could build the hull and most of the mechanical parts, but not the critical systems.